Orbital

2008-01-26T09:59:00.000+03:30

Ed Horgan of The SEA Energy Management Services is Carbon Trust Accredited and will ensure you make the most of all The Carbon Trust has to offer. This includes the provision of free surveys for organisations with energy bills greater than £50,000 per year, subject to terms and conditions. The SEA Energy Management Services consultants will identify energy-saving opportunities and provide practical advice on how to achieve these.

http://nct.digitalriver.com/fulfill/0165.148

mass chromatogrphy

2007-04-10T21:54:00.000+03:30

This module enables the convenient extraction and processing of mass spectral scans from GC/MS or LC/MS files and from MS data. Component detection and spectra deconvolution techniques are available. This module also offers spectral averaging and background subtraction features. Three types of chromatograms can be displayed: Total Ion Chromatogram (TIC) of MS and MS/MS, and Selected Ion Chromatogram (SIC). The SIC feature permits the user to display individual mass chromatograms of ions that are characteristic for a specific compound of interest.
Mass spectral scans, deconvoluted components, and various types of ...More

Spectral Tree Library

Polyacetal

2007-02-04T20:16:00.000+03:30

What is polyacetal?...more

Application...click here

On-line viscometer

2007-01-28T23:46:00.000+03:30

An on-line viscometer from Hydramotion is an essential tool in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyetheylene naphthalate (PEN) at a large polymer plant in more

Composites news

2007-01-27T21:26:00.000+03:30

Chevrolet Volt abounds with thermoplastic composites ...More

New water-based mould release :The new release is a silicone-free emulsion of fatty acids, polyolefins, and surfactants in a water vehicle. The product contains no hazardous materials -- making it safe for both the user and the environment. MoldWiz WB-2700 is a 10% active release product that can be easily diluted, if desired...Click here

Exhibitions in 2007

2007-01-11T21:27:00.001+03:30

Fakuma fair

Arab Plast fair

All exhibitions in 2007

EPS in US and Canada

2007-01-05T17:30:00.000+03:30

EPS building products are available throughout the U.S. and Canada with more than 52 manufacturing and 118 distribution outlets...click here

Roofing Systems ...more

Buoyancy Systems ...more

Structural Insulated Panels...more

Floors, Walls and Ceilings...more

Geofoam...more

HMHEC & Adhesive

2007-01-04T22:54:00.000+03:30

Dow Introduces New HMHEC Product for Superior Performance in Latex Paints...more

Adhesive EP30P ...more...Photo

PET Recycling

2006-12-28T21:13:00.000+03:30

Plastics recycling information sheet:Uses of plastic,Types of plastic,Benefits of plastics,Hows whats and wheres of recycling plastic,Useful contacts,Useful publications,Degradable and bio-plastics...more

What is PET?combining two monomers called modified ethylene glycol and purified terephthalic acid...more

Recycling of PET Bottles in wikipedia...click here

Advances in recycling technology are important to plastics in general and to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in particular because of the limitations on PET reuse in food applications. By not permitting mechanical recycling of PET for these high value applications, it is imperative that economic technology be developed that can effectively allow for the reuse of the resin by way of chemical recycling. Feasible technologies, such as depolymerization and feedstock recovery are now available, but until these routes can compete with PET produced from virgin raw materials, they will not be employed in large scale...more

PET Recycling : Traders and Recyclers,Recycling and Waste,Equipment,Associations Publications,Information & Material Exchanges,all in click here

PET Recycling Machinery:Major components of PET Recycling line...more

Nano water

2006-12-15T00:15:00.000+03:30

Over one billion people have no access to clean water worldwide, and every week an estimated 42,000 people die from diseases related to low quality drinking water. In Australia...

Molecular manufacturing (MM) can solve many of the world's current problems. For example, water shortage is a serious and growing problem. Most water is used for industry and agriculture; both of these requirements would be greatly reduced by products made by molecular manufacturing. Infectious disease is a continuing scourge in many parts of the world. Simple products like pipes, filters, and mosquito nets can greatly reduce this problem... more

NWRI Funds Recovery of Metal Ions from Membrane Concentrates by Dendrimer-Enhanced Filtration... clickhere

EPS

2006-11-12T19:22:00.000+03:30

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) is a thermoplastic, closed cell, lightweight, rigid foam plastic. EPS's properties of low thermal conductivity, high compressive strength and excellent shock absorption properties make it an ideal material for many uses. EPS is especially well suited for insulation and protective packaging applications where reliable performance and value are critical benchmarks....more

manufacturing

The manufacture of EPS conforms to the most stringent health and safety requirements in Europe. There are 5 manufacturing
1) Pre-expansion: Polystyrene granules are expanded by free exposure to steam to form larger beads, each consisting of a series of non-interconnecting cells.
2) Conditioning: After expansion, the beads still contain small quantities of both condensed steam and pentane gas. As they cool in the silos, air gradually diffuses into the pores, replacing, in part, the other components.
3) Moulding: The beads are moulded to form boards, blocks or customised products. The mould serves to shape and retain the pre-foam, and steam is again used to promote expansion. During moulding, the steam causes fusion of each bead to its neighbours, thus forming a homogeneous product.
4) Shaping: Following a short cooling period, the moulded block is removed from the machine, and after further conditioning, may be cut or shaped as required using hot wire elements or other appropriate techniques.
5) Post-production processing: The finished product can be laminated with foils, plastics, roofing felt, fibreboard or other facings such as roof or wall cladding material.

citric acid

2006-10-30T14:30:00.000+03:30

offer sell
we would like to introduce ourselves as a supplier in iran.
we have a lot of customer in diffrent industries and provide their need .
at present we need citric acid (mono-dyhydrate) for one of customer
please quote us by email or leave a comment i this blog
I thank you in advance for your coorporation and early reply.

best wishes
Maziyar salariyeh
web :http://www.maziarf1.blogspot.com/
E mail:maziarsalarieh@gmail.com

packaging / polymer & packaging exihibition

2006-10-20T10:44:00.000+03:30

The kind of packaging
electronic packaging ( packing) materials, special packaging, plastic bags & foaming- (1) anti magnetic wave & anti mist bags, static shielding bags, static prevention bags, ESD protection packaging material. (2) conductive bags & antistatic packaging materials- antistatic bubble sheets & bags, conductive IC packaging foams & packaging foams, dissipative table & floor mats, wrist straps. (3) semiconductor packaging materials.

Lists of Taiwan & China Packaging Material Exporters manufacturers & suppliers that are carefully selected to ensure high directory accuracy. They supply top quality packaging material exporters with their own brand names or for OEM, ODM, custom-made and contract manufacturing services. Connecting global buyers with reliable manufacturers from China & Taiwan click here

polymer & packaging exihibition in 4 groups:

Raw Materials
Machinery & Equipments
Final and Half-made Products
Technical & Engineering Services click here

Spectra

2006-10-15T11:06:00.000+03:30

Processing of Extracted Spectra

A spectrum obtained from the average of scans, or from scans with a subtracted background, or from component deconvolution, can be further processed in Database Manager, Spectra Classifier, or can be directly searched for in a library from Chromatogram Processor click here

How water reflects our consciousness

2006-10-13T12:06:00.000+03:30

Writing for web pages

Water has a very important message for us. Water is telling us to take a much deeper look at our selves. When we do look at our selves through the mirror of water, the message becomes amazingly, crystal, clear. We know that human life is directly connected to the quality of our water, both within and all around us.
The photographs and information in this article reflect the work of Masaru Emoto, a creative and visionary Japanese researcher Mr. Emoto has published an important book, "The Message from Water from the findings of his worldwide research If you have any doubt that your thoughts affect everything in, and around you, the information and photographs that are presented here, taken from the book of his published results, will change your mind and alter your beliefs, profoundly click here

Energy

2005-11-28T08:58:00.000+03:30

Mass spectrometry has emerged as an important tool for the characterization of microorganisms. Over the years, mass spectrometry has been applied to the study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses....

The Ideal Analytical Method and Instrument

just look

Marvelous news about chemistry

2005-09-28T20:54:00.000+03:30

Molecular Needles: Carbon nanotubes inject antimycotics into cells and increase their effectiveness
Putting pharmaceutical agents into the body isn't hard, but getting them into targeted areas can be problematic. If drugs aren't taken up by a large enough proportion of cells, a suitable "transport agent" must be used. A French and Italian research team has successfully used carbon nanotubes as transport agents for antimycotics (antifungal agents). In addition, they have developed a strategy for attaching a second agent or marker to the nanotubes in a controlled fashion. Carbon nanotubes are long, narrow nanoscale tubes made of multiple layers of carbon atoms arranged in graphite-like sheets. "They can drill through cell membranes like tiny needles," explains Alberto Bianco, "without damaging the cell." If proteins or nucleic acids are attached to the nanotubes, they come right along through the membrane. Bianco and a team of scientists from CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of Strasbourg) and the University of Trieste wanted to determine if this concept could also be extended to small pharmaceutical molecules such as antibiotics or cancer drugs. They were particularly intrigued by the idea of attaching not one, but two different "passengers". This would make it possible to carry out combination therapies with two different drugs or to trace the uptake of a drug by using a marker. ...pdf download / further info

Chemists perfect fast way to synthesize libraries of gold nanoparticles
University of Oregon chemist Jim Hutchison discovered a new way of rapidly generating libraries of tiny particles with great promise for research and development at the nanoscale. "We've discovered a method for generating a diverse library of functionalized gold particles quickly and easily," said Hutchison, who directs the university's Materials Science Institute. "Basic research of this type is the key to finding out what kinds of new electronic, optical and pharmaceutical products actually will come to market." pdf download

BP confirms for second Zhuhai PTA plant
BP is planning a second world-scale PTA (purified terephthalic acid) plant at their BP Zhuhai Chemical Company Limited (BP Zhuhai) site in Guangdong Province, China. BP Zhuhai, a joint venture between BP (85 per cent) and Fu Hua Group (15 per cent), currently operates a 350,000 tonnes a year PTA plant at the site and will also own and operate the new plant
pdf download

physical chemistry

Chemical Softwares

2005-08-30T18:07:00.000+04:30

Predict - Prediction of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties

PREDICT is a program for estimating pure component physical properties, where such information is not freely available. Predictions are based on molecular weight and molecular structure, with additional information such as boiling point and critical properties being used to increase the accuracy of the predictions. Fifty one state of the art methods are used. These are compiled from "Reid, Sherwood and Prausnitz," AIChE's DIPPR book and open literature, and include group contribution and corresponding states methods. Nine point properties and ten temperature dependant properties are predicted: Download and more info...

PACKCOL - Packed Column Hydraulic Calculations

The PackCol program performs hydraulic design and rating calculations for packed columns and towers. The design basis for new columns can be approach to flood, maximum capacity or pressure drop. S.I., Metric and English units are supported and the program can convert between these system of units.The Eckert and Robbins correlations are both included to cover the full range of liquid flowrates. Calculated results can be printed in tabular form, and plotted as a Generalized Pressure Drop Correlation diagram or as an Operating Diagram.The program includes an extensive illustrated database of packing types from the major suppliers, but custom data can be used as well.Download...

HTC - Heat Transfer Calculations

HTC is the first software program for technical calculations of heat transfer and heating/cooling dynamics of liquids in tanks and storages with external heat transfer devices. The program is based on the most reliable and tested methods of calculation of heat transfer by forced and natural convection and film condensation, and also on the results of recent research in the field of heat transfer. Heat Transfer calculations and modeling are performed for tanks with various heating/cooling devices (jackets and half-pipe coils of variable geometry and positions) and with more than twelve most important heating and cooling agents (liquids, condensing steam and vapors). Built-in database, reference tables and approximations for temperature-dependent properties reduce the user's input to a minimal number of easily available parameters. An additional advantage of HTC is that it is capable of automatically selecting the methods for calculation based on the tank design and properties of heat transfer agents. Download...

ENVIRO PRO DESIGNER® - Design of Waste Treatment systems

EnviroPro Designer is an environmental process simulator designed to enhance the productivity of engineers and scientists engaged in the design, development, and assessment of integrated water purification, wastewater treatment, and disposal processes.Download...

Engineers Aide Toolbox - Process Engineering Toolbox

The Engineer's Aide Toolbox™ suite of engineering software provides DIPPR® physical property data, single & multi-phase pipeline sizing, and industry standard equipment sizing routines for a very affordable price. The sleek toolbar interface design resides conveniently on the right side of your desktop and is immediately accessible from the taskbar system tray.

Download...

Engineer's Aide SiNET(TM) - Process Engineering Software Suite

Engineer's Aide SINET for pipeline Sizing and Network Analysis was recently judged the best in class in the chemical industry by an independent panel of industry experts - receiving the Chemical Processing Magazine's Vaaler Award. Engineer's Aide SINET, is used corporate wide for the analysis of piping and related process equipment at industry leading companies worldwide including 3M, BASF, and Dow Chemical. SINET's patented SmartDraw interface is the fastest and most effective way to analyze large piping networks of plant utility systems. Additional SINET benefits include Smartfittings(tm) and Engineering Intelligence(tm) for automated sizing of piping, pumps, and related process equipment. Comprehensive thermodynamic options include the AIChE DIPPR(r) Database of over 2000 components combined with EPCON's second generation THERMAª flash engine.Download...

ChemDraw 9.0

Download...

Chem3D 9.0

Download...

API Technical Database

At the heart of the engineering, design and operation of today’s highly competitive petroleum industry is the American Petroleum Institute (API) Technical Database™. From offshore platforms to refineries and storage facilities, version 3 of the API Technical Database replaces the wealth of information from the API Tech Data Book developed by the American Petroleum Institute over the past 40 years in a modern, interactive software application with over 130 API standard methods fully documented in PDF format. Additional data from recent research on the phase equilibrium of various sulfur contaminants in gasoline and diesel products has also been included to provide a basis for investigating process options required to help meet new federally mandated regulations. The API Technical Database is critically reviewed and approved by the API Technical Data Committee including the refining industry’s leading experts, giving you consistent and accurate information to get the job done right. Download....

AFT Steamcalc - Water and Steam Physical Properties

Obtaining accurate physical properties for steam and water is critical in many engineering applications. Looking up such data in handbooks is time consuming and error prone. AFT SteamCalc 2.0 provides easy access to accurate steam and water properties through a standalone application and through an add-in to Microsoft Excel.AFT SteamCalc calculates properties using the 1997 ASME Steam Tables formulation, the most respected source available. An alternate formulation from NBS is also provided. Now engineers can conveniently access reliable steam and water properties on their desktop PC. Download...

AFT Mercury - Intelligent System Sizing

Intelligence. Whether your goal is to minimize first or life cycle cost, it’s a key ingredient in the design of cost effective piping and ducting systems. AFT Mercury, powered by IntelliFlow, is the first software product to offer the piping systems engineer intelligent, automated sizing of system piping, ducting and components to achieve this goal. With comprehensive system modeling capabilities, a flexible graphical interface and an advanced optimization engine, AFT Mercury with IntelliFlow is nothing less than new technology that will allow you to effect significant cost savings on your piping systems. Download...

AFT Impulse

AFT Impulse provides a practical tool for the piping systems engineer to address the complex subject of liquid piping systems waterhammer and surge transient events. AFT Impulse incorporates an integral steady-state solver to calculate the initial conditions and seamlessly transfer these to the transient solver. Based on the same, proven solver in AFT Fathom, steady- state solutions are determined using a modified Newton-Raphson matrix interation. AFT Impulse’s transient flow solution engine is based on the Method of Characteristics, which utilizes time steps and pipe section lengths that are an integral fraction of the wave speed. This permits a direct solution of each time step, making AFT Impulse highly efficient.
The following outline will provide you an overview of AFT Impulse's interface and capabilities.

Download...

AFT Fathom - Incompressible Steady State Flow in Pipe Networks

AFT Fathom 6.0 provides comprehensive, incompressible pipe flow analysis and system modeling capabilities combined with ease-of-use. Addressing open and closed loop systems, AFT Fathom includes a built-in library of fluids and fittings, variable model configurations, pump and control valve modeling and much more. With the optional Chempak add-in, a thermo-physical database of over 600 fluids is available to further expand the envelope of your analysis and design. AFT Fathom goes beyond the boundaries of fluid flow analysis, with thermal analysis capabilities including piping heat transfer, heat exchanger modeling and varying fluid properties

Download...

AFT Arrow - Compressible Steady State Flow in Pipe Networks

Download and more info...

Example / techniques for water quality

2005-08-22T09:11:00.000+04:30

Advanced Water Quality Techniques Course

The development of a strategic water quality monitoring program is based on prioritizing risks to public safety and economic reality. The development of global standardized methods and protocols for automated water quality monitoring would facilitate international communication of water quality information and comparison of standardized methods and protocols. The three primary methods of water quality monitoring include discrete, mechanical and automated. There is a wide body of literature that publishes accepted standardized methods and protocols for discrete and mechanical methods of monitoring water quality. The case example discussed in this paper is based on the Automated Water Quality Monitoring Field Manual of British Columbia, Canada, which includes chlorophyll, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity and water temperature. Quantitative defined methods and protocols rank the quality of the continuous time-series automated water quality monitoring data. The automated data are verified by a combination of water quality monitoring methods including verification with standard chemical solutions, field analysis and laboratory analysis. Quality assurance and quality control procedures determine the level of the quality of the data. There is a direct relationship between the quality of the data and the cost to obtain that data. Water quality monitoring data is transformed from raw data to finished data for publication to make important decisions that impact public health and public safe....continue

filter...
Pressure Sand Filters,Disinfection,Membrane Processes,Air Diffusers,Waste Water Filters,Sludge Drying/Dewatering,Composting,Cyclones & Filters ,Flue Gas Desulfurization,Electrostatic Precipitation,Environmental & Energy Engineering Services
in this link

examples

AutoSpec Premier
The AutoSpec Premier is based on Waters Micromass® established AutoSpec™ technology. With an installed base of over 650 instruments, the AutoSpec family features patented tri-sector EBE technology, ultra high resolution (>80,000), a constant gain, long life detector, plug-in sources, unrivalled dynamic range (>105), advanced autotune and uncompromising sensitivity...link

GC
The Quattro micro™ GC fulfills the requirement for a benchtop GC/MS/MS detector to address the significant challenges presented by trace analysis where target compounds are present at low levels, often in complex matrices.
The Quattro micro GC is a tandem quadrupole instrument, recognized as the benchmark for accurate and reproducible low-level quantitative analysis. Quattro micro GC provides exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, stability and linearity to allow accurate and reproducible quantification, even in the presence of the complex matrices and co-extractives encountered in environmental, food and beverage and other trace analysis...link

The Waters® Micromass® MALDI micro MX™ is a new matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF MS). The MALDI micro offers the simplest route to the highest quality data by MALDI mass spectrometry and features from a novel parallel PSD (‘PSD MX’) capability for confirming protein identification and analysing post-translational modifications. Benefiting from high mass accuracy, resolution and sensitivity, the MALDI micro MX generates excellent results from low abundance samples with a unique range of target plate technologies, specific to your application. This compact system is simple to set up, easy to operate, reliable and provides scientists with accurate molecular weight measurements of proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, synthetic polymers and small molecules

Affordable and easy-to-use, the Breeze™ System delivers the same world-class technology and performance Waters is known for in an affordable, compact and user friendly package. Breeze™ Systems come complete with software, pump, detector and injector and are pre-configured for different levels of HPLC ... all in this link

ozone

2005-07-27T10:22:00.000+04:30

Ozone has been used for disinfection of drinking water in the Municipal Water Industry in Europe for over 100 years and is used by a large number of Water Companies, where ozone generator capacities in excess of 100 kg/h are common.
Ozone can be used for water and air treatmen

Ozone – safe for the environment with the proper ozone generator system

Because ozone is made of oxygen and reverts to pure oxygen, it vanishes without trace once it has been used. Compare this with other disinfectants.
When ozone disinfects or breaks down harmful bacteria or pollutants, there are generally no by-products, unlike most disinfecting agents.
For further information about ozone click on Ozone data

ozone technology

ozone generator

ozone injection

ozone resistant material

ozone and human

The application of ozone and UV in the process water for a pharmaceutical company.

Lenntech has designed and delivered an ozone / UV installation for a pharmaceutical company. In this system softened water is disinfected and biofilm formation is prevented by the use of a double ozone system. The water is de-ozonised before the use in the proces by a quadruple UV system. The system is PLC controlled and the quality of environment and water is controlled via a variety of control systems.
To monitor the environment and water a variety of ozone and UV meters were installed

11th International Exhibition of Oil

2005-07-23T12:22:00.000+04:30

Iran Can Blow Up Azerbaijan From Within

Iran to Deliver a Missile Blow to Azerbaijan

11th International Exhibition of Oil, Gas, & Petrochemical Industries & Products

HPLC-WIZARD beta version 1.02(free)

2005-07-19T11:59:00.000+04:30

The beta version 1.02 of HPLC-WIZARD is a fully operational version of the application.However, it is only a beta version and will propably contain bugs. The idea of makingthe beta version public is to track down and correct these bugs as well as introducing link

Water treatment

2005-07-19T10:14:00.000+04:30

summary of Water Treatment Process

an image

For the chemical treatment of water a great variety of chemicals can be applied. Below, the different types of water treatment chemicals are summed up.

Algaecides

Biocides

Antifoams

... continue

The installation to produce boiler feed water use an array of water treatment techniques like:

Deaeration in boiler

Electrodeionization (EDI)

Membrane contractors for boilers

Reverse Osmosis

Ion Exchanger

role of Activated Carbon Filtration link

FDA

2005-07-09T09:46:00.000+04:30

Dioxin Analysis Results

FDA's Analytical Methods for Testing of Products Believed to Contain Ephedrine Alkaloids

Chemist Positions at FDA

2005-07-02T14:59:00.000+04:30

Condeleezza 'dumped by Iranian boyfriend'

Sean Penn's First Report from Iran

free internet

2005-06-23T20:03:00.000+04:30

این مطلب رو راه نداره انگلیسی هم بنویسیم چون فقط بد رد ایرانیها میخوره به مناسبت نمایشگاه الکامپ 5 ساعت اینترنت رایگان

البته سرعتش با شمارههای دیجیتال بد نیست ولی فیلترش خیلی زیاده فقط کافی روی این کلیک کنید سپس کنار بنری که نوشته به مناسبت الکامپ روی خریدآنلاین کلیک کنید و بعد نام وسایرموارد راپر کنید وبعد یک میل براتون فرستاده میشه البتهاگر دوستندارید شماره تلفنتونووارد کنید از پیش شمارههایی که وجود ندارند استفاده کنید.اگه 4 تا میل داشته باشید میشه 20 ساعت

Hollow Cathode lamps

2005-06-21T18:28:00.000+04:30

What you need to know about Hollow Cathode Lamps
Hollow Cathode lamps are line sources designed for use primarily in atomic absorption spectrophotometers. They are gas discharge devices where the discharge is constrained within the cathode of a specific metal. This results in a line output where the wavelength and intensity is dependant on the metal
Single Element vs Multi-Element
Hollow Cathode lamps are available as either single element or multi-element depending on the application. Multi-element lamps can be used to test for different elements and give multiple lines but there will be a proportionate decrease in the intensity.
Each cathode contains the element of choice in a very pure form (99.99%) where possible. Alloying is used where the element of choice may not be available in a suitable form (such as mercury, sodium etc.) or to reduce the cost where the metal in the pure form is expensive. In all of these cases the metal used to make the alloy will be carefully selected to ensure that the wavelengths do not overlap or interfere
Glass Type and Fill Gas
The type of glass used to make the lamp envelope and the fill gas inside the lamp is optimised to achieve the highest sensitivity.
The choice of glass will depend on the principle wavelength. Borosilicate glass is normally used for wavelengths over 400nm, UV transparent glass is used for 240-400nm and quartz is used for wavelengths shorter than that.
The fill gas (normally neon) is always chosen so that the spectral output of the cathode is free from interference. Argon and other inert gases are also used where appropria
Dimensions
Unlike Deuterium lamps, hollow cathode lamps are almost universal in shape. Lamps are available with a 50mm (2inch) diameter for Perkin Elmer instruments and with a 37mm (1.5inch) diameter for fitting into all other commercially available instruments
Data Coding and Self-Reversal (Smith-Hieftje)
All variants are available in standard, data coded and self-reversal (Smith-Hieftje) background correction versions. Data coded bases permit some instruments to automatically identify the lamp when it is plugged in. (This option is only available to Varian, Perkin Elmer and Unicam instruments).
The self-reversal (Smith-Hieftje) correction lamps are mainly used in older spectrophotometers as a method of measuring the background absorption. This involves passing a high current momentarily through the cathode to produce a dense cloud of neutral atoms to block the lamp output. This enables the background to be measured and subtracted from the sample signal. These lamps have extra insulation to cope with the high voltage pulse and can be used in normal instruments (not all elements can be used with this technique).
لامپهای کاتدی یکی ازاجزاء مهم دستگاههای آنالیز دستگاهی هستند در مقاله بالا دو نوع از پر کاربردترین این لامپها همراه با مشخصات آنهاارائه شده است

دردیگران(متفرقه)
you like expand and submit your blog or site check it out as following

یکی از راههای یاقتن مطالب گشت وگذاردر موتورهای جستجومیباشد و اگر شما در این موتورها نام وبلاگ ویا سایت خود را ثبت کرده باشیدهم بازدید کنندگان شما افزایش میابد هم کمکی به دیگران نموده اید زین جهت محل برخی از موتورها را که رتبه بالاتری نسبت به بقیه دارند رادر زیر آورده ام

Google

Yahoo

Altavista

Askjeeves

Hotbot

Lycos

Teoma

Throughout the world, women still suffer from discrimination

لینک بالا هم خوراک وبلاگهای فمنیستی ومدافع حقوق زنان

software

2005-06-19T20:06:00.000+04:30

تصمیم دارم نرم افزارهای مفید شیمی را در این وبلاگ تا حد ممکن معرفی کنم ولی در ابتدا متذکر شوم که برای دریافت کرک یا شماره سریال کامنت بگذارید

lima

این نرم افزار در آزمایشگاههای آنالیز دستگاهی کاربرد دارد دارای ویژگیهای زیر میباشد

calibration scheduling

calibration method

instrument inventory

gatering information

در وبلاگهای دیگر

ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE WEST

اشکال هندسی دموکراسی

به امید: بیانیه

مجموعه قوانین و مقررات فناوری اطلاعات ایران pdf

Quit smoke

2005-06-14T08:58:00.000+04:30

اینم یجورایی به نام ماست و به کام دیگران
ترک سیگار البته با روشهای علمی شیمی در 24 ساعت
اینم آخر محاکمه

color

2005-06-13T14:07:00.000+04:30

حتما تا بحال براتون پیش اومده که موقع ست کردن لباس، اثاث منزل، یا طراحی صفحات اینترنتی و ... در انتخاب رنگ مشکل داشته باشید. اینکه چه رنگ‌هایی با هم هم‌خونی بیشتری دارند و انتخابشون باعث اثرگذاری بهتری می‌شه. درسته که انتخاب رنگ سلیقه‌ایه و یک رنگ بخصوص ممکنه در فرهنگ‌های مختلف و بر روی افراد مختلف اثرات متفاوتی داشته باشه اما در مورد تاثیرات رنگ و همنشینی رنگ‌ها قوانین کلی هم وجود داره و بهره‌گیری از همین قوانینِ که باعث می‌شه یک دکوراسیون، آگهی تبلیغاتی، نقاشی، یا صفحه اینترنتی جذاب و موثر باشه ولی دیگری نه.
اما چطور می‌شه از این قوانین آگاه شد. منابع زیادی در این زمینه وجود دارند. من لینک چندتا از این منابع رو که تاکید بیشتری روی رنگ در وب دارند اینجا قرار می‌دم

ابزارهایی نیز وجود دارند که کار انتخاب رنگ‌های همخوان رو راحت کردند

ColorBlender

با انتخاب دو رنگ اصلی طیف رنگ‌هایی (1 تا 10) که از مخلوط دو رنگ اصلی شما بوجود می‌آیند را با کد رنگ‌ها به صورت نHex، RGB

Color Schemer

با انتخاب یک رنگ اصلی و انجام تنظیمات دیگر می‌توانید رنگ‌های همنشین و تاثیرگذار با رنگ ابتدایی را مشاهده کنید

اگر از رنگ‌های استفاده شده در وب سایتی خوشتون ‌اومده، تنها کافیه که آدرسش رو توی این صفحه (انتهای صفحه) وارد کنید

شرتو

Analytical Chemistry and Environmental

2005-06-02T20:38:00.000+04:30

The masters programme in Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science is designed for graduates in chemistry or a closely related discipline who wish to specialise in environmental science or environmental analysis. It offers a conversion route for graduates with no previous experience of environmental or analytical science, but also provides advanced study for those with some training at undergraduate level. The programme is broadly based offering students modules covering environmental analysis and the analytical techniques used in environmental studies together with modules on environmental management systems, environmental assessment, wastewater treatment and solid waste management. The Department has modern laboratory facilities for use by students during the practical parts of the course. The programme incorporates a three month research project that may be carried out at the University or in industry.

Graduates of this course will enter a wide variety of industries including environmental management/consultancy, national laboratories, regulatory authorities, chemicals and instrument companies; a proportion go on to study for a PhD at Loughborough University or other institutions.

This course was developed from a long running MSc programme in analytical chemistry, but incorporates modules from the cross-faculty MSc in Environmental Studies which is administered by the Centre For Environmental Studies based in the Department of Chemistry. It is one of the few masters programmes that receives national recognition and funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.A significant number of students on the programme join us from overseas and are attracted by the growing reputation of Loughborough University, the excellent campus facilities and the safe living environment of Loughborough and its surrounds.

The modular content of the MSc in Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science and the other MSc degree titles is summarised in the Options Table.
Information on how to apply, bursaries etc. is provided in the General Information pages.

How do sparklers work

2005-05-18T19:23:00.000+04:30

یکی از چالشهای بزرگ امروزجامعه ایران ابراز شادی است چرا که به زعم برخی ، شادی حتی در اماکن خصوصی به نوعی کاری است ناشایست زین جهت بر آن شدم تا حربه ای از دید شیمی بیندیشم تا عقلا و ‏روشنفکران از این موهبت بی بهره نباشند

تمامی وسایل شیمیایی که تولید صدا ونور میکنند(وسایل آتش بازی) دارای فرایند تولید وهدف یکسان نمیباشند مثلا بین فشفشه و ترقه تفاوتهای بسیاری وجود دارد یکی باید مدت طولانی بسوزد ونور کافی تولید کند ودیگری باید صدای کافی تولید کند وهمچنین انفجار آن کنترل شود.
:مواد تشکیل دهنده فشفشه

اکسید کننده
سوخت
پودر آهن، فولاد،آلومینیم یا سایر فلزات
(چسب قابل اشتعال(اتصال دهنده

به علاوه مواد تعدیل کننده واکنش و رنگدانه نیز لازم میباشد.
اغلب برای سوخت ترقه ازگوگرد یا زغال چوب وبرای سوخت فشفشه ازاتصال دهنده هایی مثل نشاسه، شکر،لاک وبه عنوان اکسیدکننده ازنیترات و کلرات پتاسیم بهره میبرندکه فلزات در اینجا نورتولید میکنند.فرمول فشفشه ها ممکن است فقط شامل مثل پر کلرات پتاسیم، آلومینیم، تیتانیوم باشد
:جزئیات واکنش
نقش اکسید کننده ها تولید اکسیژن برای سوختن مخلوط است نیترات ها از یون فلزی و یون نیترات تشکیل شده اندمعادله زیر برای نیترات پتاسیم است
2KNO3(solid) --> 2 KNO2(solid) +O2(gas
کلرات ها تمامی اکسیژنشان را صرف سوختن میکنند که باعث درخشش بیشتر محصول میشود

2 KClO3(solid) --> 2 KCl(solid) + 3 O2(gas )
پر کلرات ها اکسیزن بیشتری دارند ولی نسبت به کلرات ها تمایل کمتری به انفجار دارند
KClO4(solid) --> KCl(solid) + 2 O2(gas)
عامل کاهنده
عامل کاهنده در این واکنش ها سوخت میباشدکه باعث سوختن اکسیژن تولید شده توسط اکسید کننده میشودکه حاصل این احتراق گاز گرم میباشد
تعدیل کننده
دو عامل کاهنده بالا ممکن است با هم ترکیب شوندتا باعث تسریع یا کند شدن واکنش شوندهمچنین فلزات در سرعت واکنش موثر هستندبه طوریکه پودر فلزات ریزنسبت به پودر فلزات درشت سرعت واکنش را شدت بیشتری میبخشند.
اتصال دهنده ها
اتصال دهنده ها مخلوط واکنش را کنار هم نگه میدارند برای فشفشه متداولترین اتصال دهنده ها
نوعی صمغ نشاسه که بوسیله آب، یالاک که بوسیله الکل مرطوب شده باشد ، میباشند.
چگونگی کارکرد

در واقع فشفشه مخلوطی از مواد شیمیایی بر روی یک تکه چوب یا سیم فلزی میباشد این مواد شیمیایی برای اینکه بر روی سیم شکل بگیرندیا داخل لوله قرار بگیرند به صورت آبدار میباشند.در ابتدا که مخلوط خشک است ذرات آلومینیم، آهن، روی، فولاد بر اثر گرمای ساطع شده میدرخشند یا اینکه میسوزند که این سوختن از ابتدا تا انتهای فشفشه صورت میگیردبرای رنگ دادن به این نور میتوان از رنگدانه ها یا فلزات دیگر استفاده کرد

By:DR.Anne Marie Helmenstine
Translate and Edit by:maziar

منبع

2005-04-26T19:08:00.000+04:30

وبلاگ در دست احداث است